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Vitamin B6Vitamin B6 , also called Pyridoxine , refers to a family of water soluble substances - including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, that are closely related in form and function. Vitamin B6 is a water soluble nutrient that cannot be stored in the body, but must be obtained daily from either dietary sources or supplements. Vitamin B6 is an important nutrient that supports more vital bodily functions than any other vitamin. This is due to its role as a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Vitamin B6 is also responsible for the manufacture of hormones, red blood cells, neurotransmitters, enzymes and prostaglandins. Vitamin B6 is required for the production of serotonin, a brain neurotransmitter that controls our moods, appetite, sleep patterns, and sensitivity to pain. A deficiency of vitamin B6 can quickly lead to insomnia and a profound malfunctioning of the central nervous system. Among its many benefits, vitamin B6 is recognized for helping to maintain healthy immune system functions, for protecting the heart from cholesterol deposits, and for preventing kidney stone formation. B6 is also effective in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, night leg cramps, allergies, asthma and arthritis. Common symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency can include depression, vomiting, anemia, kidney stones, dermatitis, lethargy and increased susceptibility to diseases due to a weakened immune system. Infants suffering from vitamin B6 deficiency can be anxious and irritable, and in extreme cases may develop convulsions. Supplemental B6 is a commonly used as a treatment for nausea, morning sickness and depression. Pregnant women have an increased need for supplemental vitamin B6, as do patients suffering from heart disease or those undergoing radiation treatment. Persons on high protein diets require extra vitamin B6, as do those taking antidepressants, amphetamines, oral contraceptives, and estrogen. Natural foods highest in vitamin B6 include brewers yeast, carrots, chicken, eggs, fish, avocados, bananas, brown rice, and whole grains. The RDA for vitamin B6 is 2 mg per day. Most B-complex formulas contain between 10 to 75 mg. of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is one of the few vitamins that can be toxic. Doses up to 500 mg per day are uncommon but safe, but doses above 2 grams per day can lead to irreversible neurological damage unless under the treatment of a physician. Vitamin B6 supplements should not be taken by Parkinson's disease patients being treated with L-dopa as vitamin B6 can diminish the effects of L-dopa in the brain. VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE)Click on the title to read the study Treatment of mild hyperhomocystinemia in vascular disease patients A deficiency of vitamin B6 is a plausible molecular basis of the retinopathy of patients with diabetes mellitus.Effect of vitamin B6 on the side effects of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive. Vitamin B6 in the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome - Review (1) Effect of vitamin B-6 on plasma and red blood cell magnesium levels in premenopausal women Vitamins and metals: Potential dangers for the human being Vitamin B6 status in cirrhotic patients in relation to apoenzyme of serum alanine aminotransferase Vitamin B6 concentrations in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma Abnormal vitamin B6 status in childhood leukemia. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and end stage renal disease High dose-B-vitamin treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients. The activities of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B6 for immune responses. Homocysteine: Relation with ischemic vascular diseases. Prospects for nutritional control of hypertension Unrecognized pandemic subclinical diabetes of the affluent nations: Causes, cost and prevention Vitamin and mineral deficiencies which may predispose to glucose intolerance of pregnancy Vitamin B6 alleviates the vascular complications of insulin-treated STZ-induced diabetic rats The endocrine pancreas in pyridoxine deficient rats. Tissue concentrations of water-soluble vitamins in normal and diabetic rats. Drug therapy during pregnancy. Changes on levels of B6 vitamin and aminotransferase in the liver of diabetic animals. [Vitamin status in diabetic neuropathy (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxin, cobalamin and tocopherol)] Failure of pyridoxine to improve glucose tolerance in diabetics. Treatment of mild hyperhomocystinemia in vascular disease patients Franken DG; Boers GH; Blom HJ; Trijbels FJ; Kloppenborg PW Department of Medicine, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Arterioscler Thromb (U.S.) Mar 1994, 14 (3) p465-70. Mild hyperhomocystinemia is recognized as a risk factor for premature arteriosclerotic disease. A few vitamins and other substances have been reported to reduce blood homocysteine levels, but normalization of elevated blood homocysteine concentrations with any of these substances has not been reported. Therefore, we screened 421 patients suffering from premature peripheral or cerebral occlusive arterial disease by oral methionine loading tests for the presence of mild hyperhomocystinemia. Thirty-three percent of patients with peripheral, and 20 percent of patients with cerebral occlusive arterial disease, were identified with mild hyperhomocystinemia (14 percent of the men, 34 percent of the premenopausal women, and 26 percent of the postmenopausal women). Mildly hyperhomocystinemic patients were administered vitamin B6 250 mg daily. After 6 weeks methionine loading tests were again assessed to evaluate the effect of treatment. Patients with non-normalized homocysteine concentrations were further treated with vitamin B6 250 mg daily and/or folic acid 5 mg daily and/or betaine 6 g daily, solely or in any combination. Vitamin B6 treatment normalized the afterload homocysteine concentration in 56 percent of the treated patients (71 percent of the men, 45 percent of the premenopausal women, and 88 percent of the postmenopausal women). Further treatment resulted in a normalization of homocysteine levels in 95 percent of the remaining cases. Thus, mild hyperhomocystinemia, which is frequently encountered in patients with premature arteriosclerotic disease, can be reduced to normal in virtually all cases by safe and simple treatment with vitamin B6, folic acid and betaine, each of which is involved in methionine metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Aug 30. 179(1). P 615-9 Eighteen patients with diabetes mellitus, some of whom had variously retinopathy, pregnancy, and the carpal tunnel syndrome, and were variously treated with steroids and vitamin B6, have been overviewed for periods of 8 months to 28 years. We have established an association of a deficiency of vitamin B6 with diabetes by monitoring the specific activity of the erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and again by the association with the carpal tunnel syndrome (C.T.S.). It has been known for a decade that C.T.S. is caused by a B6 deficiency. The absence of retinopathy in vitamin B6-treated diabetic patients over periods of 8 months - 28 years appears monumental. These observations are like discovery and constitute a basis for a new protocol to establish the apparent relationship of a deficiency of vitamin B6 as a molecular cause of diabetic neuropathy. Blindness and vision are so important that the strength or weakness of the observations are not important; the conduct of a new protocol is important. Articles about vitamins Vitamin B6
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Glutamine
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